Artificial intelligence (AI), the concept of creating intelligent machines that can think and learn like humans, is a rapidly evolving field. There are various subsets or branches within AI that focus on specific aspects of artificial intelligence. In this article, we will discuss in detail what these subsets are.
1. Machine Learning:
Machine learning is perhaps the most widely known subset of AI today. It refers to the ability of machines to learn from their own experiences without being explicitly programmed by humans. Machine learning algorithms enable computers to identify patterns in large amounts of data and make predictions based on those patterns.
There are several types of machine learning techniques used in data analysis tasks such as supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, active learning and reinforcement learning.
2. Deep Learning:
Deep Learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with multiple layers to process information like images and sound data for complicated classifications problems rather than relying only on simple statistical measures extracted from input datasets alone.
It achieves state-of-the-art results across major benchmarks thanks to architectures such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) or Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs).
3. Natural Language Processing(NLP):
Natural language processing (NLP) is an area of research concerned with enabling computers to understand human languages naturally such as speech recognition translating text etc . This includes many applications ranging from virtual assistants Alexa Google Assistant Siri personalisation chatbots document summarization content generation search engines spell checking automatic translation sentiment analysis named entity recognition named entity linking part-of-speech tagging relationship extraction co-reference resolution .
4.Robotics:
Robotics often combines software technologies developed for purposes include perception(memory-based motion planning), actuation systems(controllers) capable movement sensing features which enable machines robots/devices using sensors Computer vision combined with deep reinforcement learning methods(CVRL)
5.Cognitive Computing
Cognitive computing explores delivering systems platforms’ work pattern where human interaction aids underlying Data Analytics. It involves studying Computing architectures such as artificial neural networks, natural language processing NLP, and machine learning algorithms.
These technologies build a cognitive intelligence model based on significant amounts of information to create their ability to recognize complex data patterns heuristic rules for knowledge management and decision-making processes.
6.AI safety:
AI Safety refers to how humans can ensure that machines carrying out tasks do not conflict with human values or harm people when decisions are made without understanding consequences adequately. Concerns about AI range from preventing an accidental nuclear war by autonomous programming-based weapon systems(unsafe use) with lack-of-understanding problems applying ethical considerations/questionnaires over using untested methods that contain unforeseen errors (Mal-implementation.).
7.General Intelligence
General intelligence is defined within AI research as the development of intelligent agents capable of solving increasingly complex tasks resembling those undertaken by humans consistent abilities on many different problem types at each performance level
This subset explores General Artificial Intelligence (AGI): systems able mimic all facets intellectual skills analysis synthesis interpretation evaluation decision-making insight creativity originality imagining ensuring reasoning introspection building meta-cognitive models constructions sharing insights self-modifying at creating novel solutions anticipating comparing analyzing situations simulating possible causality paths etc.(acting in characteristically human ways).
8.Computer Vision
Computer vision synonymous for Image Processing mainly uses Computer Science applied operations on images captured using actions like camera motion detection object recognition activity identification view alignment(Multiview geometry) illumination variations and point correspondence estimation(filtering segmentation Non rigid registration) stereo reconstruction estimating optical flow based depth maps object tracking contoured representation . In other words developing mathematical principles’ goal is “endowing computers…with capacities taken for granted by other species”.
9.Artificial Neural Networks:
Artificial neural networks are a type of machine learning algorithm designed to simulate the function of biological neurons in the human brain.The behavior exhibited has been known since early days primarily used in classification regression clustering where uniqueness comes from its layered structure using Backpropagation weights adjustment error minimization.
In conclusion, this article has touched on various subsets of artificial intelligence – machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing (NLP), robotics,cognitive computing , AI safety General Intelligence computer vision Artificial Neural Networks. These subsets are distinct from one another and may use similar or different techniques to accomplish their goals. However, they all play a crucial role in advancing the field of artificial intelligence and making machines more intelligent than humans could ever imagine.